Welcome to the AM³ (Astrophysical Multi-Messenger Modeling) Software!
Overview
AM³ is a software package for simulating lepto-hadronic interactions in astrophysical environments. It solves the time-dependent partial differential equations for the energy spectra of electrons, positrons, protons, neutrons, photons, neutrinos as well as charged secondaries (pions and muons), immersed in an isotropic magnetic field. Crucially, it accounts for the fact that photons and charged secondaries emitted in electromagnetic and hadronic interactions feed back into the interaction rates in a time-dependent manner, therefore grasping non-linear effects including electromagnetic cascades.
AM³ is the most computationally efficient among the state-of-the-art multi-messenger simulation tools (see Cerruti et al 2021). This makes it possible to use AM³ to scan vast source parameter scans and fit the observational data. At the time of its first public release, AM³ has been extensively used in studies of blazars, gamma-ray bursts and tidal disruption events.
With this open-source release, we are making AM³ available with all its current features. The solver consists of a C++ library that can be compiled and deployed directly. Alternatively, we provide Python users with an interface that allows to compile a shared library exposing all the AM³ high-level functions to Python3. This means you can run simulations with AM³ in pure Python without any loss of efficiency.
Documentation
For a detailed user guide, visit the AM³ Read the Docs webpage.
Citing AM³
If you use AM³ in you project, please cite Klinger et al., ApJS 275 4 (2024).
Collaborating
Do you want to contribute to AM³? Great! You just need to create a DESY GitLab account. Go to gitlab.desy.de and select ‘sign in with Helmholtz AAI’. Most international science institutes should be on the list. Alternatively, you can register with your Google account (by selecting ‘google’ from the list). Once your account is requested, send an email to gitlab.service@desy.de and ask to enable your account, specifying that you wish to contribute to AM³. If you have issues with this or have any other question, contact us at contact-am3@desy.de.
Installation
A detailed description of the installation procedure can be found under Installation.
Usage
This documentation contains examples with complete simulation workflows, from setting up the simulation to plotting the results. The source Jupyter notebooks can be found in the AM³ repository, under docs/examples.
Articles based on AM³ by the time of its first release:
Blazars
Gamma-ray bursts
Tidal disruption events
